光学基片表面软质抛光胶体粒子的激光清洗

介绍了光学基片表面软质抛光胶体粒子激光清洗的基本方法、原理和实验装置,并通过对含有污染微粒的基片表面进行激光清洗,获得了高洁净表面的光学基片.     

手持式激光测距仪"测距标准偏差综合评定"的扩展不确定度

在确定的函数关系(数学模型)中,因变量(输出量)随自变量(输入量)的变化规律完全由数学逻辑所确定,自变量到因变量的传递系数(灵敏系数)也可由因变量的标准差和自变量的标准差之比所决定,而与自变量的来历(测量的或者给定的)没有关系[1].本文根据这一基本原理,采用模拟自变量随机变化的方法,成功计算了手持式激光测距仪的测距固定偏差和比例偏差系数的测量不确定度,从而计算出测距标准差综合评定的扩展不确定度,同时解决了复杂的数学模型中多个输入量到输出量的灵敏系数和输出量的不确定度的计算问题.     

战术导弹大迎角高M数绕流特性分析

某战术导弹高马赫数大迎角蒸汽屏流动显示和测力试验先后在中国空气动力研究与发展中心0.6m跨超声速风洞中进行,本文给出了M数为0.8、2.0、4.0,模型迎角为20°、30°、40°时的部分结果.结果表明:模型在大迎角下出现十分复杂的涡系图像;随着M数或迎角的增加,涡的尺寸及其离弹身的高度都增大;当模型状态对称时,流动图像基本上是对称的,而当模型状态不对称时,流动图像也不对称.测力结果与流动显示图像结果具有较好的一致性.     

一种实现陀螺马达准确制动方案的研究

在分析了几种传统的电机制动方案基础上,提出了一种适合陀螺马达的能耗制动方案,该方案依据马达逐渐停转时自身产生的微弱电信号,再经放大处理后作为能耗制动的控制信号,实现陀螺马达准确、可靠、平稳的停止,避免了不及时切断电源而烧坏定子绕组的情况.     

Leakage performance of floating ring seal in cold/hot state for aero-engine

Rotating experimental investigations were carried out to study the oil sealing capability of two different floating ring seals in cold/hot state for aero-engine. High-speed Floating Ring Seal(HFRS) is a seal with the inner diameter of 83.72 mm and maximum speed of 38000 r/min, and Low-speed Floating Ring Seal(LFRS) is another seal with the inner diameter of 40.01 mm and maximum speed of 18000 r/min. In hot state, sealing air with the temperature of 371 K and oil with the temperature of 343 K was employed to model the working conditions of an aero-engine. Comparisons between floating ring seal and labyrinth seal were done to inspect the leakage performance.More attention was paid to the critical pressure ratio where the oil leakage began. Results show that the critical pressure ratio in cold state is obviously larger than that in hot state for both seals. An underlying sealing mechanism for floating ring seal is clarified by the fluid film, which closely associates with the dimensionless parameter of clearance over rotating diameter(2 c/Dr). Another fantastic phenomenon is that the leakage coefficient in hot state, not the leakage magnitude, is unexpectedly larger than that in cold state. Overall, the leakage performance of the floating ring seal is better than the labyrinth seal.     

三轴陀螺稳定平台伺服回路全姿态解耦及变增益控制方法

在载体大机动飞行背景下，要求惯性平台具备全姿态的功能。国内现有的三轴陀螺稳定平台（简称三轴平台）不具备全姿态的功能，在内框架增加了限位挡钉以限制内框架角的工作范围，主要是基于内框架角不能工作在接近于?90?的认识。为了准确描述全姿态条件下三轴平台的运动规律，本文指出了传统动力学推导过程中的不足之处，重新建立了三轴平台的动力学模型，基于该模型给出了非奇异的全姿态伺服回路并提出了一种新的全姿态解耦方法，包括力矩解耦和转动惯量解耦。最后，针对转动惯量在框架转动过程中非定值的问题，提出了基于H∞控制理论的变增益控制策略。仿真结果表明，变增益控制器相对定常参数控制器可显著改善三轴平台伺服回路控制的性能。     

线性调频半导体激光衍射光栅干涉仪

介绍一种以线性调频半导体激光为光源的衍射光栅干涉仪。激光与光栅上衍射的±１级衍射波会合，由于有光程差而发生光拍频，测量拍频信号的相位移则可测得光栅的位移。设计了一种克服激光波长漂移和空气折射率变化影响的对称差动光路，使这种方法达到实用化的程度，分辨力达到纳米级。此外，还介绍了应用于接触干涉仪的实验情况。     

激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化球化的影响

为研究激光功率与底面状态对选区激光熔化熔池流动的影响，基于离散单元法建立了选区激光熔化铺粉模型，采用粒径分布与实验相符的马氏体时效钢粉末分别铺展到平坦底面和增材底面上，将计算获得的粉末分布导入到基于有限体积法建立的选区激光熔化熔池计算流体力学模型中，研究激光功率和基板底面粗糙度对熔池流动和熔道表面形貌的影响。采用激光单道扫描实验验证铺粉模型和选区激光熔化模型。结果表明：随着激光功率的降低，单位长度的球化数量增加；由于增材底面使熔池润湿性变差，同时又对熔池流动行为产生扰动，使得增材粗糙底面上熔道的球化数量增加。选区激光熔化铺粉模拟及激光单道扫描模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。本研究可为选区激光熔化工艺中工艺参数的选择提供理论指导。     

Controlling factors of Region 2 field-aligned current and its relationship to the ring current: Model results

One essential component of magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling is the closure of the ring current through Region 2 field-aligned current (FAC). Using the Comprehensive Ring Current Model (CRCM), which includes magnetosphere and ionosphere coupling by solving the kinetic equation of ring current particles and the closure of the electric currents between the two regions, we have investigated the effects of high latitude potential, ionospheric conductivity, plasma sheet density and different magnetic field models on the development of Region 2 field-aligned currents, and the relationship between R2 FACs and the ring current. It is shown that an increase in high latitude potential, ionospheric conductivity or plasma sheet density generally results in an increase in Region 2 FACs’ intensity, but R2 FACs display different local time and latitudinal distributions for changes in each parameter due to the different mechanisms involved. Our simulation results show that the magnetic field configuration of the inner magnetosphere is also an important factor in the development of Region 2 field-aligned current. More numerical experiments and observational results are needed in further our understanding of the complex relationship of the two current systems.     

基于混合特征匹配的微惯性/激光雷达组合导航方法

微惯性/激光雷达(MEMS IMU/LADAR)组合导航系统在室内应用时,由于室内结构化环境下环境特征(如点和线段)分布稀疏,传统的单一特征匹配算法存在观测盲区,易造成导航定位参数估计误差大的问题。基于此,研究了激光雷达自适应数据分割方法的点和线段的特征提取算法,提出了基于混合特征匹配观测模型的MEMS IMU/LADR扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法。同时,设计了MEMS IMU/LADR组合导航试验样机,在室内环境下通过试验对滤波算法进行了验证。结果表明:提出的算法在室内结构化环境下相比传统单一点或线特征匹配组合定位算法的定位精度可提高60%,对于小型旋翼无人飞行器在室内结构化环境中的高精度定位具有较高的参考意义。